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Hepatic stellate cells: role in microcirculation and pathophysiology of portal hypertension
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that stellate cells are involved in the regulation of the liver microcirculation and portal hypertension. Activated hepatic stellate cells have the necessary machinery to contract or relax in response to a number of vasoactive substances. Because stellate cells play a role in both fibrosis and portal hypertension, they are currently regarded as therapeutic targets to prevent and treat the complications of chronic liver disease.
- liver
- hepatic stellate cells
- portal hypertension
- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- [Ca2+]i
- intracellular Ca2+
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETA/B, endothelin receptor A/B
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- HO, haeme oxygenase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthetase
- MLC, myosin light chain
- PI(3)K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PLD, phospholipase D
- PKC, protein kinase C
- ANGII, angiotensin II
- AT1, type 1 angiotensin receptor
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- ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- [Ca2+]i
- intracellular Ca2+
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- ETA/B, endothelin receptor A/B
- FAK, focal adhesion kinase
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- HO, haeme oxygenase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cells
- IP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS, nitric oxide synthetase
- MLC, myosin light chain
- PI(3)K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PLD, phospholipase D
- PKC, protein kinase C
- ANGII, angiotensin II
- AT1, type 1 angiotensin receptor
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