Article Text
Abstract
Background: Iron absorption increases during pregnancy to cater for the increased iron requirements of the growing fetus.
Aims: To investigate the role of the duodenal iron transport molecules and hepatic regulatory molecules in coordinating the changes in iron absorption observed during pregnancy.
Methods: Rats at various days of gestation and 24–48 hours post-partum were examined for hepatic expression of hepcidin, transferrin receptors 1 and 2, and HFE (the gene mutated in the most prevalent form of hereditary haemochromatosis), and duodenal expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), iron regulated mRNA (Ireg1), and hephaestin (Hp) by ribonuclease protection assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry.
Results: Decreased hepatic non-haem iron and transferrin saturation and increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 in the liver indicated a progressive reduction in maternal body iron stores during pregnancy. Duodenal expression of the iron transport molecules DMT1, Dcytb, and Ireg1 increased during pregnancy, and this corresponded with a reduction in hepcidin, HFE, and transferrin receptor 2 expression in the liver. Expression of all molecules returned towards control values by 24–48 hours post-partum.
Conclusions: These data indicate that increased expression of key iron transport molecules is responsible for the elevated iron absorption associated with pregnancy, and implicate hepcidin, HFE, and transferrin receptor 2 in determining how the maternal iron homeostatic machinery responds to the increased iron demands accompanying gestation.
- duodenal cytochrome b
- divalent metal transporter 1
- hereditary haemochromatosis
- iron regulation
- Dcytb, duodenal cytochrome b
- DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HFE, the gene mutated in the most prevalent form of hereditary haemochromatosis
- Hp, hephaestin
- IRE, iron responsive element
- Ireg1, iron regulated mRNA (also known as ferroportin 1)
- NP, non-pregnant
- PP, post-partum
- RPA, ribonuclease protection assay
- TfR, transferrin receptor
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- Dcytb, duodenal cytochrome b
- DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HFE, the gene mutated in the most prevalent form of hereditary haemochromatosis
- Hp, hephaestin
- IRE, iron responsive element
- Ireg1, iron regulated mRNA (also known as ferroportin 1)
- NP, non-pregnant
- PP, post-partum
- RPA, ribonuclease protection assay
- TfR, transferrin receptor