Abstract

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent in dialysis patients, and standard interferon monotherapy is the current standard of care for such patients.

Aim: To investigate whether pegylated interferon has a better therapeutic efficacy and safety profile than standard interferon in dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Methods: 50 such patients were randomly assigned to receive either pegylated interferon α-2a 135 μg subcutaneously once per week or standard interferon α-2a 3 million units subcutaneously thrice per week for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy and safety end points were sustained virological response (SVR) by intention-to-treat analysis and treatment-related withdrawal rate during the study.

Results: In univariate analysis, patients receiving pegylated interferon α-2a tended to have a higher sustained virological response (SVR) than those receiving standard interferon α-2a (48% vs 20%, p = 0.07). By using multivariate analysis, treatment with pegylated interferon α-2a (p = 0.02) and pretreatment HCV RNA level <800 000 IU/ml (p = 0.007) were independently predictive of an SVR. All patients failing to achieve a rapid virological response (RVR) could not achieve an SVR. In addition, patients receiving pegylated interferon α-2a had a significantly lower treatment-related withdrawal rate than those receiving standard interferon α-2a (0% vs 20%, p = 0.04).

Conclusions: Pegylated interferon α-2a once weekly provides more effective and safer therapy than standard interferon α-2a thrice weekly for treatment-naïve dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C.