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Remodelling of extracellular matrix is a requirement for the hepatic progenitor cell response
  1. Yiannis N Kallis1,2,
  2. Andrew J Robson4,
  3. Jonathan A Fallowfield4,
  4. Howard C Thomas1,
  5. Malcolm R Alison2,3,
  6. Nicholas A Wright2,3,
  7. Robert D Goldin1,
  8. John P Iredale4,
  9. Stuart J Forbes4
  1. 1Department of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
  2. 2Histopathology Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
  3. 3Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, UK
  4. 4MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh University, UK
  1. Correspondence to Prof S J Forbes, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; stuart.forbes{at}ed.ac.uk

Abstract

Background and methods In advanced liver damage, hepatic regeneration can occur through proliferation of a resident hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) population. HPCs are located within a designated niche in close association with myofibroblasts and bone marrow (BM) derived macrophages. Extra-cellular matrix (ECM) laminin invariably surrounds HPCs, but the functional requirement of this matrix-cell association is untested in vivo. Using the collagen Iα1(r/r) mouse (r/r), which produces mutated collagen I resistant to matrix metalloproteinase degradation and has an exaggerated fibrotic response to liver injury, we test the relationship between collagen degradation, laminin deposition, and the HPC response.

Results Chronic fibrotic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injury can induce a florid HPC response associated with dense laminin deposition. In the recovery phase after chronic CCl4 injury, r/r mice have a markedly attenuated HPC response compared to wild-types, together with persistence of collagen I and failure to deposit ECM laminin. Similar results were found in r/r mice given the choline-deficient ethionine supplemented diet, another model of the HPC response. In cross-over sex-mismatched BM transplantation (BMT) experiments between r/r mice and wild-types, the blunted HPC response of r/r mice was not rescued by wild-type BMT and likewise not conferred on to wild-type recipients by r/r BMT, demonstrating that the attenuated HPC response in r/r mice is a property intrinsic to the liver.

Conclusion Failure of ECM remodelling after chronic fibrotic liver injury hinders the ability of the liver to activate HPCs. Laminin-progenitor cell interactions within the HPC niche are a critical for HPC mediated regeneration.

  • Bone marrow transplantation
  • collagen
  • extracellular matrix
  • hepatic stellate cell
  • liver regeneration
  • myofibroblast
  • stem cell

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Footnotes

  • Funding YNK was funded by an MRC fellowship. SJF was funded by the Wellcome Trust and Sir Jules Thorn Trust.

  • Competing interests None.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

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