Footnotes

• Contributors ZP and C-KT contributed equally to the data and to the writing of the letter. LS contributed to the statistical analyses, risk model derivation and statistical reporting. VWW, M-FY, B-BGG and P-EJC contributed to the writing of the letter. C-JC, M-FY, HL-YC, H-IY, W-KS and VWW contributed to the validation datasets and to the refinement of the letter. CYL contributed to the data.

• Competing interests None declared.

• Ethics approval SingHealth Institutional Review Board.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.