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Original article
Identification and genetic manipulation of human and mouse oesophageal stem cells
  1. Youngtae Jeong1,
  2. Horace Rhee1,2,
  3. Shanique Martin1,
  4. Daniel Klass1,
  5. Yuan Lin1,
  6. Le Xuan Truong Nguyen1,
  7. Weiguo Feng1,
  8. Maximilian Diehn1,3
  1. 1Stanford Cancer Institute and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
  2. 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
  3. 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Maximilian Diehn, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 875 Blake Wilbur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; diehn{at}stanford.edu

Abstract

Objective Human oesophageal stem cell research is hampered by the lack of an optimal assay system to study self-renewal and differentiation. We aimed to identify and characterise human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells by establishing 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems for both species.

Design Primary oesophageal epithelial cells were freshly isolated and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted from human and mouse oesophagus and 3-dimensional organotypic sphere culture systems were developed. The self-renewing potential and differentiation status of novel subpopulations were assessed by sphere-forming ability, cell cycle analysis, immunostaining, qPCR and RNA-Seq.

Results Primary human and mouse oesophageal epithelial cells clonally formed esophagospheres consisting of stratified squamous epithelium. Sphere-forming cells could self-renew and form esophagospheres for over 43 passages in vitro and generated stratified squamous epithelium when transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice. Sphere-forming cells were 10–15-fold enriched among human CD49fhiCD24low cells and murine CD49f+CD24lowCD71low cells compared with the most differentiated cells. Genetic elimination of p63 in mouse and human oesophageal cells dramatically decreased esophagosphere formation and basal gene expression while increasing suprabasal gene expression.

Conclusions We developed clonogenic and organotypic culture systems for the quantitative analyses of human and mouse oesophageal stem/progenitor cells and identified novel cell surface marker combinations that enrich for these cells. Using this system, we demonstrate that elimination of p63 inhibits self-renewal of human oesophageal stem/progenitor cells. We anticipate that these esophagosphere culture systems will facilitate studies of oesophageal stem cell biology and may prove useful for ex vivo expansion of human oesophageal stem cells.

  • EPITHELIAL CELLS
  • OESOPHAGEAL PHYSIOLOGY
  • STEM CELLS

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