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Abstract
Background Microbiome consists of normal bacteria flora that resides in the human gut and are key contributors to host metabolism. This symbiotic bond evolves throughout our entire life, from birth to old age, and is the result of different environmental influences. Recently, reports revealed dysbiosis of gut microbiome could relate to psoriasis occurrence. Psoriasis - chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease affects around 2–4% of the global population. This systematic review aims to reveal the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and the occurrence of psoriasis.
Methods A thorough search was conducted using predefined MeSH terms ‘gut’, ‘microbiome’ or ‘microbiota’ and ‘psoriasis’ in 3 databases (Pubmed, Medline, ScienceDirect; from database inception to December 2018). All titles and Abstracts obtained were screened based inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies reporting gut microbiome data in relation to gut microbiome effects were included. Studies without gut microbiome data and/or psoriasis were excluded along with conference Abstracts, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and comments.
Results The gut microbiome is able to control the imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by altering the T cell response, thus affects the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Studies clearly reported the dysbiosis microbiome of psoriasis patients compared to healthy persons. Psoriatic gut microbiome in a few studies revealed an increase presence of Faecalibacterium and a decrease of Bacteroides. Another study reported a high abundance of Bacteroidia in the microbiome of its psoriasis patients, suggesting the potential pathogen that promotes the pathogenesis of psoriasis. As one of the common normal intestinal bacteria in healthy individuals, lower levels of Faecalibacterium prausinitzii have been observed in patients with Crohn’s disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome and major depressive diseases. However, in psoriatic patients, Faecalibacterium prausinitzii have been abundant in the gut microbiota - a similar pattern seen in infants with eczema and atopic dermatitis. Probiotics containing normal flora is essential for individuals to maintain a healthy gut microbiota.
Conclusions In summary, these findings provide vital insight and knowledge that could enhance the potential future microbial-based therapies to improve the clinical outcome of psoriasis. Based on literatures and figure 1 illustration (figure 1), dysbiosis of gut microbiome does affect the development of psoriasis.
Illustration of human gut microbiome dysbiosis of normal microbiome flora in the gut microbiome could relate to the development of psoriasis