Article Text
Abstract
Objective Loss-of-function mutations in genes generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as NOX1, are associated with IBD. Mechanisms whereby loss of ROS drive IBD are incompletely defined.
Design ROS measurements and single-cell transcriptomics were performed on colonoids stratified by NOX1 genotype and TNFα stimulation. Clustering of epithelial cells from human UC (inflamed and uninflamed) scRNASeq was performed. Validation of M cell induction was performed by immunohistochemistry using UEA1 (ulex europaeus agglutin-1 lectin) and in vivo with DSS injury.
Results TNFα induces ROS production more in NOX1-WT versus NOX1-deficient murine colonoids under a range of Wnt-mediated and Notch-mediated conditions. scRNASeq from inflamed and uninflamed human colitis versus TNFα stimulated, in vitro colonoids defines substantially shared, induced transcription factors; NOX1-deficient colonoids express substantially lower levels of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein delta), DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferase) and HIF1A (hypoxia-inducible factor) baseline. Subclustering unexpectedly showed marked TNFα-mediated induction of M cells (sentinel cells overlying lymphoid aggregates) in NOX1-deficient colonoids. M cell induction by UEA1 staining is rescued with H2O2 and paraquat, defining extra- and intracellular ROS roles in maintenance of LGR5+ stem cells. DSS injury demonstrated GP2 (glycoprotein-2), basal lymphoplasmacytosis and UEA1 induction in NOX1-deficiency. Principal components analyses of M cell genes and decreased DNMT1 RNA velocity correlate with UC inflammation.
Conclusions NOX1 deficiency plus TNFα stimulation contribute to colitis through dysregulation of the stem cell niche and altered cell differentiation, enhancing basal lymphoplasmacytosis. Our findings prioritise ROS modulation for future therapies.
- IBD - genetics
- epithelial cells
- ulcerative colitis
- intestinal stem cell
Data availability statement
Data are available in a public, open access repository. We have submitted the data to GEO(#GSE202778). The data will release and be available to the public upon manuscript publication.
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Data availability statement
Data are available in a public, open access repository. We have submitted the data to GEO(#GSE202778). The data will release and be available to the public upon manuscript publication.
Footnotes
Twitter @mountsinaiibd?lang=en, @shikha_nayar, @Felix_Chuang240, @JudyCho7
Contributors NYH, LSC and JHC: Experimental design and implementation. Data analyses and interpretation, and writing of manuscript. JHC: Guarantor. NYH, LSC, KS, IA, THT, HBMK and AA:Experimental studies and quality control. MG, SN, KG, ST and CT:Data analyses and interpretation. TS, HU and CA: Study design and interpretation.
Funding This study was supported by U01 DK062422, U24 DK052429, R01 DK123758 (JC), R01 DK106593 (JC) and the Sanford J. Grossman Charitable Trust. AA is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AZ 167/1-1).
Competing interests None declared.
Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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