Footnotes

• Contributors ECLW: study concept and design; acquisition and compilation of data; statistical analysis; and drafting of the manuscript. PSD: data interpretation and drafting of the manuscript. NN: study concept and design; acquisition and compilation of data; statistical analysis; data interpretation; and drafting of the manuscript.

• Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

• Competing interests PSD has received consulting and/or research support from Takeda, Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, Gilead, Novartis and Lily, stock options from DigbiHealth and royalty from PreciDiag. NN holds a McMaster University's Department of Medicine Internal Career Award and has received honoraria from Janssen, Abbvie, Takeda, Pfizer, Merck, Sandoz, Novartis and Ferring.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

• Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.