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  • Gut mycobiome of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients is characterised by an increase of Trichocladium griseum and Candida species

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Gut mycobiome of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients is characterised by an increase of Trichocladium griseum and Candida species
  1. Malte Christoph Rühlemann1,
  2. Miriam Emmy Leni Solovjeva1,
  3. Roman Zenouzi2,
  4. Timur Liwinski2,
  5. Martin Kummen3,4,
  6. Wolfgang Lieb5,
  7. Johannes Roksund Hov3,4,
  8. Christoph Schramm2,6,
  9. Andre Franke1,
  10. Corinna Bang1
  1. 1 Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  2. 2 Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  3. 3 Norwegian PSC Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
  4. 4 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  5. 5 Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank POPGEN, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
  6. 6 Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
  1. Correspondence to Dr Corinna Bang, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany; c.bang{at}ikmb.uni-kiel.de

https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-320008

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    Letter to the editor

    We read with interest the recent Gut article by Lemoinne et al describing a dysbiosis of the fungal gut community in faeces of patients suffering from primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).1 Though several reports, including our own previous data, support a functional and potentially pathogenic link between the intestinal bacteriota and liver inflammation in PSC,2 3 the aetiology of the disease remains largely unknown.

    We here report on the fungal mycobiome results of our cohort from Northern Germany approved by the local ethics committees (A148/14 and MC-111/15) comprising stool samples of 66 healthy control (HC) subjects, 65 patients with well-characterised PSC (including a subgroup with concomitant colitis (PSC-IBD), n=32) and 38 subjects with UC.3 PCR and sequencing of the fungus-specific internal transcribed spacer 2 genomic region was performed as previously described4 using the primer pair 5.8S-Fun and ITS4-Fun on an Illumina MiSeq machine. Sequencing data were subjected to quality control by using the open source package DADA2 (V.1.10)5 in R (V.3.5.1; https://github.com/mruehlemann/ikmb_amplicon_processing). Amplicon sequence variants were taxonomically annotated using the UNITE ITS database (V.7.2).6

    In disagreement with the findings in the French cohort,1 overall fungal alpha diversity in the German cohort was neither altered in PSC nor …

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