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We have recently reported in GUT that regular proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use was associated with a 24% increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).1 This was the first study demonstrating an association between PPIs and diabetes. However, all included participants were healthcare professionals and the findings have not been verified in general populations. Additionally, investigation of subgroups at high absolute risk of diabetes among PPI users is still lacking. Because the absolute effects of interventions tend to increase with baseline risk, individualised treatment based on the patients’ underlying risk may confer benefits and reduce harms. Such risk stratification strategy had been applied to select patients for antihypertensive and statin therapy.2 3 In the present study, we conducted a prospective analysis of the UK-Biobank to (1)confirm the association between PPI use and T2DM in general population and (2) to investigate which population groups may have high net risk.
We included participants free of diabetes from the UK Biobank.4 Regular use of PPIs was defined as taking PPIs in most days of week for the last 4 weeks. T2DM cases were identified from different data sources (primary care, hospital admissions, self-report and death register). We evaluated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for potential confounders. We calculated …
Footnotes
QH and MY are joint first authors.
Contributors JY had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: JY and YP. Acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data: All authors. Drafting of the manuscript: QH and MY. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: all authors. Statistical analysis: JY and QH. Obtained funding: JY and YP. Administrative, technical or material support: JY and YP. Supervision: JY and YP.
Funding This work was supported by the startup grant for the 100 Top Talents Program, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (392012), the Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003524) and the National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFA0902801).
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethics approval The UK Biobank study has approval from the UK National Health Service’s National Research Ethics Service (Ref 11/NW/0382). All participants provided written informed consent prior to data collection.
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