Article Text
Review
Dendritic cells and immune regulation in the liver
Abstract
Hepatic dendritic cells (DC) unquestionably play important roles in the induction and regulation of immune responses. Due to their paucity, functional characterisation of these important antigen presenting cells has been slow but use of DC growth factors (in particular GM-CSF and Flt3L) that markedly enhance their numbers has proved helpful in furnishing adequate study material. While there is growing evidence that DC function is affected in the pathogenesis of liver disease, most work to date has been performed on non-hepatic DC. Increasing knowledge of hepatic DC biology is likely to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and resistance to and therapy of liver disease.
- dendritic cells
- immune regulation
- liver disease
- transplantation
- Ag, antigen
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- BM, bone marrow
- CC and CXC, chemokines
- CCR and CXCR, chemokine receptors
- DC, dendritic cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Flt3L, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- KC, Kupffer cell
- IL, interleukin
- IFN-γ, interferon γ
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NPC, non-parenchymal cells
- PALT, portal tract associated lymphoid tissue
- PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
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- Ag, antigen
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- BM, bone marrow
- CC and CXC, chemokines
- CCR and CXCR, chemokine receptors
- DC, dendritic cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Flt3L, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- KC, Kupffer cell
- IL, interleukin
- IFN-γ, interferon γ
- LSEC, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NPC, non-parenchymal cells
- PALT, portal tract associated lymphoid tissue
- PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis
- PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α