%0 Journal Article %A M Staritz %A A Rambow %A A Grosse %A A Hurst %A A Floth %A P Mildenberger %A M Goebel %A T Junginger %A R Hohenfellner %A M Thelen %T Electromagnetically generated extracorporeal shockwaves for fragmentation of extra-and intrahepatic bile duct stones: indications, success and problems during a 15 months clinical experience. %D 1990 %R 10.1136/gut.31.2.222 %J Gut %P 222-225 %V 31 %N 2 %X Electromagnetically generated extracorporeal shock waves (without waterbath) were applied after intravenous premedication with 10-15 mg diazepam and 100 mg tramadol in the treatment of 33 patients (aged 32 to 91 years) with multiple intrahepatic stones (n = 4) or huge common bile duct stones (n = 29, 18-30 mm in diameter), which could not be removed by conventional endoscopy. Stone disintegration was achieved in 70% of common bile duct stones and in all intrahepatic concrements after 800-7500 discharges, which were applied during one (n = 21), two (n = 6) or three sessions (n = 6). Apart from mild fleabite-like petechiae at the side of shock wave transmission no other side effects were observed for a total of 51 procedures. We believe electromagnetically generated shock waves are safe, easy to apply, and relatively effective in the therapy of common bile duct and intrahepatic stones. %U https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/31/2/222.full.pdf