TY - JOUR T1 - <em>IL-1</em> gene cluster and <em>TNFA</em>−307 polymorphisms in the risk of perforated duodenal ulcer JF - Gut JO - Gut SP - 132 LP - 133 DO - 10.1136/gut.2005.077362 VL - 55 IS - 1 AU - J B Guerra AU - G A Rocha AU - A M C Rocha AU - C M de Castro Mendes AU - I E B Saraiva AU - C A de Oliveira AU - D M M Queiroz Y1 - 2006/01/01 UR - http://gut.bmj.com/content/55/1/132.2.abstract N2 - Helicobacter pylori virulence markers have been associated with duodenal ulcer (DU) but there are few studies evaluating host factors such as cytokine polymorphisms and, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated these polymorphisms as risk factors for perforated DU. We investigated associations among interleukin 1 (IL-1) cluster and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFA)−307 polymorphisms, and DU and perforated DU in a non-Caucasian population. We included 223 patients with DU, 29 patients with perforated DU, and 541 blood donors. H pylori status was investigated by culture, preformed urease test, stained smear, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the 13C-urea breath test. cagA status was assessed by PCR. In the blood donors, H pylori status and cagA status were determined by serology. IL-1B−511/−31, IL-1RN, and TNFA−307 polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR, PCR/restriction fragment length … ER -