@article {Bersudsky598, author = {Marina Bersudsky and Lotem Luski and Daniel Fishman and Rosalyn M White and Nadya Ziv-Sokolovskaya and Shahar Dotan and Peleg Rider and Irena Kaplanov and Tegest Aychek and Charles A Dinarello and Ron N Apte and Elena Voronov}, title = {Non-redundant properties of IL-1α and IL-1β during acute colon inflammation in mice}, volume = {63}, number = {4}, pages = {598--609}, year = {2014}, doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303329}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group}, abstract = {Objective The differential role of the IL-1 agonists, IL-1α, which is mainly cell-associated versus IL-1β, which is mostly secreted, was studied in colon inflammation. Design Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis was induced in mice globally deficient in either IL-1α or IL-1β, and in wild-type mice, or in mice with conditional deletion of IL-1α in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Bone marrow transplantation experiments were performed to assess the role of IL-1α or IL-1β of myeloid versus colon non-hematopoietic cells in inflammation and repair in acute colitis. Results IL-1α released from damaged IECs acts as an alarmin by initiating and propagating colon inflammation, as IL-1α deficient mice exhibited mild disease symptoms with improved recovery. IL-1β is involved in repair of IECs and reconstitution of the epithelial barrier during the resolution of colitis; its deficiency correlates with disease exacerbation. Neutralisation of IL-1α in control mice during acute colitis led to alleviation of clinical and histological manifestations, whereas treatment with rIL-1Ra or anti-IL-1β antibodies was not effective. Repair after colitis correlated with accumulation of CD8 and regulatory T cells in damaged crypts. Conclusions The role of IL-1α and IL-1β differs in DSS-induced colitis in that IL-1α, mainly of colon epithelial cells is inflammatory, whereas IL-1β, mainly of myeloid cell origin, promotes healing and repair. Given the dissimilar functions of each IL-1 agonistic molecule, an IL-1 receptor blockade would not be as therapeutically effective as specific neutralising of IL-1α, which leaves IL-1β function intact.}, issn = {0017-5749}, URL = {https://gut.bmj.com/content/63/4/598}, eprint = {https://gut.bmj.com/content/63/4/598.full.pdf}, journal = {Gut} }