TY - JOUR T1 - Enterocolitis due to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review JF - Gut JO - Gut SP - 2056 LP - 2067 DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316948 VL - 67 IS - 11 AU - Emilie Soularue AU - Patricia Lepage AU - Jean Frederic Colombel AU - Clelia Coutzac AU - David Faleck AU - Lysiane Marthey AU - Michael Collins AU - Nathalie Chaput AU - Caroline Robert AU - Franck Carbonnel Y1 - 2018/11/01 UR - http://gut.bmj.com/content/67/11/2056.abstract N2 - Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ligand are increasingly used to treat several types of cancer. These drugs enhance antitumour T-cell activity and therefore induce immune-related adverse effects (irAE), of which gastrointestinal (GI) irAE are among the most frequent and severe. This systematic literature review summarises the clinical manifestations, management and pathophysiology of GI irAE due to immune checkpoint inhibitors. GI irAE induced by anti-CTLA-4 are frequent, potentially severe and resemble IBD, whereas those induced by PD-1 blockade seem to be less frequent and clinically more diverse. Baseline symbiotic gut microbiota is associated with an enhanced antitumour response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and an increased susceptibility to developing enterocolitis, in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4. These findings open new perspectives for possible manipulation of the gut microbiota in order to better identify responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors and to increase their efficacy and safety. ER -