TY - JOUR T1 - Proton pump inhibitors increase the risk of cholecystitis: a population-based case–control study JF - Gut JO - Gut SP - 1337 LP - 1339 DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316899 VL - 68 IS - 7 AU - Shih-Chieh Chuang AU - Che-Chen Lin AU - Cheng-Yuan Peng AU - Wen-Hsin Huang AU - Wen-Pang Su AU - Shih-Wei Lai AU - Hsueh-Chou Lai Y1 - 2019/07/01 UR - http://gut.bmj.com/content/68/7/1337.abstract N2 - We read with great interest the article by Cheung et al 1 reporting long-term exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) following Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. PPIs are widely used worldwide to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder, peptic ulcer and HP, but multiple reports have found they got some negative effects, such as increasing risk of the intra-abdominal infection, like spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,2 pseudomembranous colitis,3 liver abscess4 and affecting the gut microbiome.5 6 PPIs may theoretically increase risk of gaining acute cholecystitis due to the increasing the number of enteric organisms and risk of secondary infection; however, few reports have supported this hypothesis. Thus, we conducted a nationwide population-based case–control study to analyse the relationship between PPI exposure and … ER -