PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Joana Torres
AU  - Jianzhong Hu
AU  - Akihiro Seki
AU  - Caroline Eisele
AU  - Nilendra Nair
AU  - Ruiqi Huang
AU  - Leonid Tarassishin
AU  - Bindia Jharap
AU  - Justin Cote-Daigneault
AU  - Qixing Mao
AU  - Ilaria Mogno
AU  - Graham J Britton
AU  - Mathieu Uzzan
AU  - Ching-Lynn Chen
AU  - Asher Kornbluth
AU  - James George
AU  - Peter Legnani
AU  - Elana Maser
AU  - Holly Loudon
AU  - Joanne Stone
AU  - Marla Dubinsky
AU  - Jeremiah J Faith
AU  - Jose C Clemente
AU  - Saurabh Mehandru
AU  - Jean-Frederic Colombel
AU  - Inga Peter
TI  - Infants born to mothers with IBD present with altered gut microbiome that transfers abnormalities of the adaptive immune system to germ-free mice
AID  - 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317855
DP  - 2020 Jan 01
TA  - Gut
PG  - 42--51
VI  - 69
IP  - 1
4099  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/69/1/42.short
4100  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/69/1/42.full
SO  - Gut2020 Jan 01; 69
AB  - Background and aims Prenatal and early life bacterial colonisation is thought to play a major role in shaping the immune system. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links early life exposures to the risk of developing IBD later in life. We aimed to assess the effect of maternal IBD on the composition of the microbiome during pregnancy and on the offspring’s microbiome.Methods We prospectively examined the diversity and taxonomy of the microbiome of pregnant women with and without IBD and their babies at multiple time points. We evaluated the role of maternal IBD diagnosis, the mode of delivery, antibiotic use and feeding behaviour on the microbiome composition during early life. To assess the effects of IBD-associated maternal and infant microbiota on the enteric immune system, we inoculated germ-free mice (GFM) with the respective stool and profiled adaptive and innate immune cell populations in the murine intestines.Results Pregnant women with IBD and their offspring presented with lower bacterial diversity and altered bacterial composition compared with control women and their babies. Maternal IBD was the main predictor of the microbiota diversity in the infant gut at 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days of life. Babies born to mothers with IBD demonstrated enrichment in Gammaproteobacteria and depletion in Bifidobacteria. Finally, GFM inoculated with third trimester IBD mother and 90-day infant stools showed significantly reduced microbial diversity and fewer class-switched memory B cells and regulatory T cells in the colon.Conclusion Aberrant gut microbiota composition persists during pregnancy with IBD and alters the bacterial diversity and abundance in the infant stool. The dysbiotic microbiota triggered abnormal imprinting of the intestinal immune system in GFM.