TY - JOUR T1 - Milk polar lipids reduce lipid cardiovascular risk factors in overweight postmenopausal women: towards a gut sphingomyelin-cholesterol interplay JF - Gut JO - Gut SP - 487 LP - 501 DO - 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318155 VL - 69 IS - 3 AU - Cécile Vors AU - Laurie Joumard-Cubizolles AU - Manon Lecomte AU - Emmanuel Combe AU - Lemlih Ouchchane AU - Jocelyne Drai AU - Ketsia Raynal AU - Florent Joffre AU - Laure Meiller AU - Mélanie Le Barz AU - Patrice Gaborit AU - Aurélie Caille AU - Monique Sothier AU - Carla Domingues-Faria AU - Adeline Blot AU - Aurélie Wauquier AU - Emilie Blond AU - Valérie Sauvinet AU - Geneviève Gésan-Guiziou AU - Jean-Pierre Bodin AU - Philippe Moulin AU - David Cheillan AU - Hubert Vidal AU - Béatrice Morio AU - Eddy Cotte AU - Françoise Morel-Laporte AU - Martine Laville AU - Annick Bernalier-Donadille AU - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron AU - Corinne Malpuech-Brugère AU - Marie-Caroline Michalski Y1 - 2020/03/01 UR - http://gut.bmj.com/content/69/3/487.abstract N2 - Objective To investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health.Design A double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The acute effects of milk PL on intestinal absorption and metabolism of cholesterol were assessed in a randomised controlled crossover study using tracers in ileostomy patients.Results Over 4 weeks, milk PL significantly reduced fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol and surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease risk, including total/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo)B/ApoA1 ratios. The highest PL dose preferentially induced a decreased number of intestine-derived chylomicron particles. Also, milk PL increased faecal loss of coprostanol, a gut-derived metabolite of cholesterol, but major bacterial populations and faecal short-chain fatty acids were not affected by milk PL, regardless of the dose. Acute ingestion of milk PL by ileostomy patients shows that milk PL decreased cholesterol absorption and increased cholesterol-ileal efflux, which can be explained by the observed co-excretion with milk sphingomyelin in the gut.Conclusion The present data demonstrate for the first time in humans that milk PL can improve the cardiometabolic health by decreasing several lipid cardiovascular markers, notably through a reduced intestinal cholesterol absorption involving specific interactions in the gut, without disturbing the major bacterial phyla of gut microbiota.Trial registration number NCT02099032 and NCT02146339; Results. ER -