RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease: common pathophysiological links
JF Gut
JO Gut
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology
SP gutjnl-2020-322429
DO 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322429
A1 Ho-Su Lee
A1 Evy Lobbestael
A1 Séverine Vermeire
A1 João Sabino
A1 Isabelle Cleynen
YR 2020
UL http://gut.bmj.com/content/early/2020/10/15/gutjnl-2020-322429.abstract
AB Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson’s disease are chronic progressive disorders that mainly affect different organs: the gut and brain, respectively. Accumulating evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gastrointestinal inflammation and neurodegeneration, in accordance with the concept of the ‘gut–brain axis’. Moreover, recent population-based studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease might increase the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although the precise mechanisms underlying gut–brain interactions remain elusive, some of the latest findings have begun to explain the link. Several genetic loci are shared between both disorders with a similar direction of effect on the risk of both diseases. The most interesting example is LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), initially identified as a causal gene in Parkinson's disease, and recently also implicated in Crohn’s disease. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the link between these seemingly unrelated diseases with shared genetic susceptibility. We discuss supporting and conflicting data obtained from epidemiological and genetic studies along with remaining questions and concerns. In addition, we discuss possible biological links including the gut–brain axis, microbiota, autoimmunity, mitochondrial function and autophagy.