RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Dysosmobacter welbionis is a newly isolated human commensal bacterium preventing diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in mice JF Gut JO Gut FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology SP 534 OP 543 DO 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323778 VO 71 IS 3 A1 Tiphaine Le Roy A1 Emilie Moens de Hase A1 Matthias Van Hul A1 Adrien Paquot A1 Rudy Pelicaen A1 Marion Régnier A1 Clara Depommier A1 Céline Druart A1 Amandine Everard A1 Dominique Maiter A1 Nathalie M Delzenne A1 Laure B Bindels A1 Marie de Barsy A1 Audrey Loumaye A1 Michel P Hermans A1 Jean-Paul Thissen A1 Sara Vieira-Silva A1 Gwen Falony A1 Jeroen Raes A1 Giulio G Muccioli A1 Patrice D Cani YR 2022 UL http://gut.bmj.com/content/71/3/534.abstract AB Objective To investigate the abundance and the prevalence of Dysosmobacter welbionis J115T, a novel butyrate-producing bacterium isolated from the human gut both in the general population and in subjects with metabolic syndrome. To study the impact of this bacterium on host metabolism using diet-induced obese and diabetic mice.Design We analysed the presence and abundance of the bacterium in 11 984 subjects using four human cohorts (ie, Human Microbiome Project, American Gut Project, Flemish Gut Flora Project and Microbes4U). Then, we tested the effects of daily oral gavages with live D. welbionis J115T on metabolism and several hallmarks of obesity, diabetes, inflammation and lipid metabolism in obese/diabetic mice.Results This newly identified bacterium was detected in 62.7%–69.8% of the healthy population. Strikingly, in obese humans with a metabolic syndrome, the abundance of Dysosmobacter genus correlates negatively with body mass index, fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin. In mice, supplementation with live D. welbionis J115T, but not with the pasteurised bacteria, partially counteracted diet-induced obesity development, fat mass gain, insulin resistance and white adipose tissue hypertrophy and inflammation. In addition, live D. welbionis J115T administration protected the mice from brown adipose tissue inflammation in association with increased mitochondria number and non-shivering thermogenesis. These effects occurred with minor impact on the mouse intestinal microbiota composition.Conclusions These results suggest that D. welbionis J115T directly and beneficially influences host metabolism and is a strong candidate for the development of next-generation beneficial bacteria targeting obesity and associated metabolic diseases.Data are available in a public, open access repository. Data are available on reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. All datasets and raw data generated and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing raw sequences of the mouse study can be accessed in Sequence Read Archive database with accession code PRJNA606762. The raw 16S data of the FGFP cohort are available at European Genome-Phenome Archive (https://ega-archive.org/) under accession no. EGAS00001004420, and for the Microbes4U cohort under accession no. EGAS00001003585. For the HMP, healthy human subjects cohort was downloaded from the human microbiome project data portal (https://portal.hmpdacc.org/).