PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Dufour, Jean-François
AU  - Marjot, Thomas
AU  - Becchetti, Chiara
AU  - Tilg, Herbert
TI  - COVID-19 and liver disease
AID  - 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326792
DP  - 2022 Nov 01
TA  - Gut
PG  - 2350--2362
VI  - 71
IP  - 11
4099  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/71/11/2350.short
4100  - http://gut.bmj.com/content/71/11/2350.full
SO  - Gut2022 Nov 01; 71
AB  - Knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its resultant COVID-19 in liver diseases has rapidly increased during the pandemic. Hereby, we review COVID-19 liver manifestations and pathophysiological aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients without liver disease as well as the impact of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly cirrhosis and liver transplantation (LT). SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with overt proinflammatory cytokine profile, which probably contributes substantially to the observed early and late liver abnormalities. CLD, particularly decompensated cirrhosis, should be regarded as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 and death. LT was impacted during the pandemic, mainly due to concerns regarding donation and infection in recipients. However, LT did not represent a risk factor per se of worse outcome. Even though scarce, data regarding COVID-19 specific therapy in special populations such as LT recipients seem promising. COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity seems impaired in CLD and LT recipients, advocating for a revised schedule of vaccine administration in this population.