Results of studies on the prevalence of specialised intestinal metaplasia (SIM) among unselected patients in general endoscopy units
| Study first author | Spechler | Johnston | Nandurkar | Chalasani | Trudgill |
| Year of publication | 1994 | 1996 | 1997 | 1997 | 1997 |
| Country | USA | USA | Australia | USA | UK |
| Number of patients | 142 | 170 | 158 | 87 | 120 |
| Prevalence of SIM at squamocolumnar junction | 18% | 9% | 36% | 18% | 18% |
| Association of SIM with GORD symptoms | No | Yes | No | – | No |
| Association of SIM with endoscopic oesophagitis | No | No | No | – | No |
| Association of SIM with histological oesophagitis in squamous epithelium | Yes | No | Yes | – | No |
| Association of SIM with inflammation on columnar side of squamocolumnar junction | – | – | Yes | – | – |
| Association of SIM with Helicobacter pyloriinfection | – | – | No | – | No |
| Association of SIM with advancing age | No | No | Yes | – | Yes |
| Association of SIM with male sex | Yes | No | No | – | No |