Action
|
Enzyme
|
Substrate/cofactor
|
Phase I | | |
Oxidation | Cytochrome P-450 | O2
|
Hydroxylation | | |
Sulphoxidation | | |
Dealkylation | | |
Azoreduction | Cytochrome P-450 reductase | H+
|
Nitroreduction | | |
Co-oxidation | Peroxidases | H2O2
|
| Catalases | |
Hydrolysis | Esterases | H2O |
| Epoxide hydrolases | |
Hydration | Carbonic anhydrase | CO2 + H2O |
Phase II | | |
Sulphation | Sulphotransferases | PAPS + ATP |
Glucuronidation | Glucuronyl transferase | UDP-GA + ATP |
Acetylation | Acetyl transferase | Acetyl-CoA + ATP |
Methylation | Methyl transferase | SAM + ATP |
Glutathione conjugation | Glutathione transferase | Glutathione + ATP |