Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) antagonism on net Na+ and Cl− flux in normal controls, in cholera toxin (CT), Escherichia coli heat labile toxin (LT), and Escherichia heat stable toxin (STa) induced secretion, and on VIP induced decrease in absorption
| n | Net Cl− flux (μmol/min/g) | Net Na+ flux (μmol/min/g) | |
| Control | 11 | 2.8 (2.4 to 3.3) | 6.7 (5.7 to 11.1) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 7 | 3.5 (2 to 4.3) | 7 (4.5 to 12) |
| +VIPa2 | 6 | 3 (2.5 to 4) | 6.2 (5 to 13) |
| CT | 7 | −13.1 (−14.6 to−9.9) | −7.9 (−10.9 to −6.5) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 7 | −3.3 (−8.3 to 1.5)1-a | −1.55 (−6.23 to 2.24)1-a |
| +VIPa2 | 7 | −1.2 (−4 to 2)1-a | −0.5 (−5 to 3.5)1-a |
| LT | 6 | −15.7 (−18 to −12.5) | −8.5 (−12.2 to −7.2) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 7 | −7 (−11.2 to −5.7)1-a | −2 (−6.5 to −1.5)1-a |
| +VIPa2 | 6 | −1 (−2.5 to 2)1-a | 2 (1.3 to 5)1-a |
| STa | 5 | −10 (−15 to −5.5) | −7 (−9.2 to −4) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 5 | −3 (−4.5 to 0.5)1-a | −2 (−3.2 to 2)1-a |
| +VIPa2 | 5 | −2.2 (−3 to 0.2)1-a | −1.5 (−3.5 to 2)1-a |
| VIP0.02 | 5 | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.1) | 3.4 (2.2 to 5.1) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 5 | 2.6 (2.2 to 4)1-b | 6 (5 to 10.2)1-b |
| +VIPa2 | 5 | 2.9 (2.2 to 3.8)1-b | 7.1 (6.5 to 9.8)1-b |
| VIP0.2 | 5 | −1 (−1.9 to 1.1) | 1 (0 to 2.1) |
| +VIPa0.2 | 5 | 1.9 (1.3 to 2.2)c | 3.1 (2.5 to 4.5)c |
| +VIPa2 | 5 | 3.2 (2.5 to 4.1)1-b | 6.3 (5.2 to 10)1-b |