Influences of drugs and diet on the gastrointestinal glutathione (GSH) system (significant p values)
| GST activity | GSTA | GSTP | GSTT1 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drug | n | A | D | A | D | A | D | A | D |
| GST, glutathione S-transferase; GSTA, glutathione S-transferase alpha; GSTP, glutathione S-transferase pi; GSTT1, glutathione S-transferase theta1; A, antrum; D, duodenum; n, number of patients on specific drug compared with all not on drugs (n=25) by multivariate ANOVA. | |||||||||
| Cytostatic drugs suppressed GST activity while the other drugs or diets had an inducing effect. | |||||||||
| No significant effects were observed for aspirin, antibiotics, nitrates, β blockers, proton pump inhibitors, digitalis, thiamazol, calcium antagonists, L-thyroxin, and high intake of garlic and onions. | |||||||||
| Patients on high vegetable and high fruit intake (4–7 days a week) were compared with those on low intake (1–3 days a week) (n=42 for low vegetable and n=49 for low fruit consumption). | |||||||||
| NSAID | 31 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.020 |
| Cortisol | 15 | — | — | — | 0.007 | 0.007 | — | — | |
| Cytostatic | 7 | 0.015 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Analgesic | 14 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.037 | 0.011 | — |
| Heparin | 83 | — | — | — | — | 0.027 | — | 0.022 | — |
| Insulin | 15 | — | — | 0.019 | — | — | — | 0.003 | — |
| Diuretics | 59 | 0.012 | — | — | — | 0.035 | 0.020 | — | — |
| ACE inhibitors | 35 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.018 | — | — |
| Cisapride | 8 | 0.036 | 0.040 | 0.012 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ranitidin | 20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.023 | — |
| High fruit intake | 143 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 0.005 | |
| High vegetable intake | 153 | — | — | — | 0.038 | — | 0.037 | — | — |