Table 1

Potential non-serotonergic therapeutic agents

Therapeutic classDrug therapy
Opioids
    κ agonistFedotozine
    μ agonistLoperamide (tramadol)
SomatostatinOctreotide
α2 AgonistsClonidine, lidamidine
Low dose tricyclic antidepressantsAmitriptyline
OthersOxytocin
Tachykinin antagonists
Cholecystokinin antagonist
Anti-inflammatory agents