Comparison of methods for Barrett’s oesophagus surveillance
| Method | Description | S for SIM | S for HGD | Res | FOV | Depth (μm) | Cost | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S, Sensitivity; SIM, specialised intestinal metaplasia; HGD, high grade dysplasia; Res, image resolution; FOV, field of view. | ||||||||
| ?, unknown; +/−, inconclusive; +, low; ++, moderate; +++, high; ++++, very high. | ||||||||
| Four quadrant biopsy | Random biopsy at 4 sites every 1–2 cm with jumbo forceps | ++++ | ++ | + | ++++ | ∼1000 | +++ | +++ |
| Chromoendoscopy | Standard surface view of oesophageal mucosa enhanced with stain or dye | ++++ | +/− | ++ | ++++ | None | + | ++ |
| High magnification endoscopy | Magnified surface view of oesophageal mucosa, may be enhanced by acetic acid | +++ | +/− | +++ | + | None | ++ | +++ |
| Light induced fluorescence | Fluorescence from endogenous molecules | ++ | +/− | + | ++++ | ∼200 | +++ | +++ |
| Photodynamic diagnosis | Fluorescence from exogenous molecules | ++ | +/− | + | ++++ | ∼200 | +++ | +++ |
| Optical coherence tomography | Backscattered infrared light from cellular microstructures | ++ | +/− | +++ | ++ | ∼500 | ++++ | ++++ |
| High frequency ultrasound | Backscattered acoustic waves from cellular microstructures | + | +/− | ++ | ++ | ∼1000 | +++ | ++++ |
| Confocal microscopy | Miniature microscope that images with subcellular resolution in thick tissue | ? | ? | ++++ | + | ∼500 | ++ | ++ |