Effect of different groups of antibiotics. All odds ratios are corrected for age, sex, smoking, and prescriptions of all non-antibacterial drugs
| Group | All subjects | Subjects with no symptoms or GI drugs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No exposed | OR | 95% CI | No exposed | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Cases (n = 587) | Controls (n = 1460) | Cases (n = 252) | Controls (n = 1022) | |||||
| OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; GI, gastrointestinal. | ||||||||
| Ben pen, penicillinase resistant pens | 128 | 286 | 0.94 | 0.74–1.21 | 47 | 169 | 0.93 | 0.64–1.36 |
| Broad spectrum and anti-pseudomonal penicillins | 271 | 531 | 1.10 | 0.90–1.36 | 96 | 317 | 1.04 | 0.77–1.42 |
| Cephalosporins | 91 | 153 | 1.18 | 0.88–1.58 | 29 | 78 | 1.30 | 0.81–2.09 |
| Tetracyclines | 98 | 172 | 1.34 | 1.01–1.77 | 36 | 91 | 1.72 | 1.12–2.64 |
| Macrolides | 87 | 188 | 0.96 | 0.72–1.27 | 32 | 95 | 1.12 | 0.71–1.75 |
| Sulphonamides and trimethoprim | 87 | 160 | 1.16 | 0.86–1.57 | 21 | 68 | 1.21 | 0.71–2.05 |
| Metronidazole and tinidazole | 33 | 45 | 1.70 | 1.05–2.75 | 5 | 19 | 1.08 | 0.39–2.99 |
| Quinolones | 31 | 55 | 1.15 | 0.72–1.83 | 4 | 19 | 0.67 | 0.22–2.03 |
| Other | 8 | 17 | 1.09 | 0.46–2.57 | 2 | 5 | 1.66 | 0.31–8.76 |