Multivariate model of hip fracture risk corrected for age, sex, current steroid use, cumulative steroid use, and opioid use
| All IBD | UC | CD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| IBD, inflammatory bowel disease, UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; HR, hazard ratio. | ||||||
| Not IBD case | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| IBD case | 1.42 | 1.05–1.91 | 1.41 | 0.94–2.11 | 1.68 | 1.01–2.78 |
| Female | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| Male | 0.42 | 0.32–0.55 | 0.39 | 0.27–0.56 | 0.51 | 0.32–0.82 |
| Age <40 (y) | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| 40–59 | 8.13 | 2.42–27.26 | 4.93 | 1.09–22.25 | 13.69 | 1.73–108.10 |
| 60–79 | 98.79 | 31.52–309.62 | 59.14 | 14.54–240.48 | 150.85 | 20.88–1089.82 |
| ⩾80 or over | 461.24 | 146.26–1454.53 | 331.29 | 80.95–1355.77 | 603.01 | 82.44–4410.92 |
| No steroids | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| 1–5 courses | 1.30 | 0.87–1.96 | 1.04 | 0.57–1.88 | 1.92 | 1.05–3.52 |
| 6–15 courses | 1.06 | 0.53–2.10 | 1.46 | 0.64–3.33 | 0.72 | 0.19–2.65 |
| 16–25 courses | 1.99 | 0.85–4.67 | 1.66 | 0.45–6.18 | 2.02 | 0.57–7.18 |
| Over 25 courses | 2.19 | 0.98–4.89 | 2.77 | 0.95–8.09 | 1.11 | 0.26–4.78 |
| No current steroid use | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| Current steroid use | 1.35 | 0.79–2.32 | 1.22 | 0.58–2.57 | 1.38 | 0.59–3.23 |
| No opioid use | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — | 1.00 | — |
| Occasional use | 0.62 | 0.41–0.96 | 0.60 | 0.34–1.07 | 0.62 | 0.30–1.30 |
| Regular opioid use | 1.67 | 1.12–2.48 | 1.37 | 0.76–2.48 | 1.88 | 1.03–3.43 |