Involvement of mediators in the regulation of inflammatory cells in cholera in adult patients
| Mediator | O1 patients (day 2)† | O1 patients (day 7) | O1 patients (day 30) | Healthy controls (day 0) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paraffin embedded duodenal sections or cryostat sections were studied in adults.1 | ||||
| †Days after onset of disease in patients. | ||||
| The average area for each section was 9.3×105 μm2 for duodenal biopsies. Quantification of the immunoreaction positive area relative to the total tissue section was done by a computerised image analysing technique and the results are expressed as percentage for the ratio of the positive area to the total area. | ||||
| Values are median frequencies of stained cells per mm2 (25th and 75th percentiles). | ||||
| *p⩽0.05 between patients during the acute stage and early convalescence; ‡p⩽0.05 between patients during the acute stage and late convalescence; §p⩽0.05 between patients and healthy controls. Probability values were determined by the Wilcoxon signed rank test comparing differences in cell numbers at different times within the same group of patients and by the Mann-Whitney U test comparing patients with healthy controls. | ||||
| PGHS-1, prostaglandin H synthase 1; SCF, stem cell factor; MBP, major basic protein; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α; IL, interleukin; MPO, myeloperoxidase; CCR3, chemokine receptor 3; ND, not done. | ||||
| PGHS-1 | 0.26 (0.2–0.4)§ | 0.39 (0.27–0.57)§ | 0.16 (0.15–0.18) | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) |
| Tryptase | 1.58 (1.0–1.8)*‡ | 2.1 (1.874–2.630)§ | 2.6 (1.14–3.55)§ | 1.081 (0.932–1.697) |
| Chymase | 0.27 (0.2–0.8) | 0.21 (0.13–0.35) | 0.64 (0.43–0.96)§ | 0.11 (0.07–0.15) |
| SCF | 5.14 (4.0–6.57)§ | 3.28 (2.72–4.0)§ | 3.2 (2.43–4.2)§ | 0.87 (0.56–1.33) |
| IL-3 | 0.61 (0.38–0.96)*‡ | 5.05 (6.19–4.12)§ | 5.3 (7.56–3.68)§ | 0.19 (0.08–0.4) |
| IL-4 | 2.22 (1.42–3.49) | ND | 3.46 (2.20–5.44) | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) |
| IL-5 | 0.04 (0.01–0.16) | 0.13 (0.04–0.33) | 0.04 (0.01–0.09) | 0.06 (0.03–0.14) |
| TNF-α | 6.16 (5.3–7.17)‡§ | ND | 0.61 (0.53–0.71) | 0.25 (0.12–0.51) |
| Eotaxin | 7.8 (6.8–8.93)*‡§ | 0.58 (0.42–0.8) | 2.3 (1.87–2.81) | 1.52 (1.35–1.71) |
| MBP | 1.51(0.93–2.61) | 3.37 (2.57–4.42)*§ | 3.41 (2.87–4.07)‡§ | 1.8 (1.59–3.04) |
| MPO | 1.45 (1.08–8.87)*‡§ | 0.01 (0.01–0.05) | 0.01 (0.001–0.05) | 0.01 (0.002–0.02) |
| Lactoferrin | 1.16 (0.53–1.71)*‡§ | 0.02 (0.01–0.23) | 0.05 (0.01–0.12) | 0.003 (0.001–0.01) |
| Defensin | 5.470 (3.4–7.4)*‡§ | 2.43 (1.49–4.23)§ | 2.40 (1.52–3.25)§ | 0.89 (0.71–1.49) |
| CCR3 | 1.65 (1.41–1.93)‡§ | 1.33 (1.21–1.45)§ | 2.73 (2.61–2.86)§ | 0.17 (0.12–0.23) |
| IgE | 81 (37.8–93.1) | 46.4 (33.0–122.7) | 45.39 (41.51–76.8) | 42.6 (35.0–52.4) |