Chen et al (1996)44 | ALF (n = 12), ACLF (n = 8) | BAL | Prospective case series | Inhospital mortality or LTx | ALF: all bridged to LTx; ACLF: 6 died, 2 bridged to LTx | |
Samuel et al (2002)45 | ALF (n = 10) | BAL | Prospective case series | Neurological improvement, LTx | Improvement in Glasgow coma score, 6; all bridged to LTx (8 alive at 18 mths) | Bleeding complications in 5; haemodynamic instability in 6 |
Stevens et al (2001)46 | ALF (n = 147), primary graft non-function (n = 24) | Hepat-Assist (BAL) | Multicentre, randomised, controlled trial | 30 day mortality | 30 day survival. All patients: BAL 71%, controls 62%. Subgroups: All ALF: BAL 73%, controls 59% (p = 0.1). ALF due to paracetamol: BAL 70%, controls 37% (p<0.05) | Substantial impact of LTx (54% of all patients) on outcome |
Ellis et al (1996)47 | ALF (n = 24). Grp I: not fulfilling LTx criteria* (n = 17); Grp II: fulfilling LTx criteria (n = 7) | ELAD | Single centre, randomised, controlled trial | Inhospital mortality or LTx | Survival. Grp I: ELAD 78%, controls 75%; Grp II: ELAD 1/3, controls 1/4 | Survival among controls in Grp I was much higher than anticipated |
Millis et al (2001)48 | ALF (n = 24) (19 listed for LTx, 5 not listed) | ELAD | Randomised, controlled, phase I trial | 30 day mortality | In those listed for LTx. 30 day survival: ELAD 83%, controls 43%; LTx received: ELAD 92%, controls 43% | Not adequately powered to look at outcome |