Primary resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin in children in Europe
| Country | Years | Type of study | Method of testing | No of strains | ClariR prevalence (%) | 95% CI | MetroR prevalence (%) | 95% CI | AmoxiR prevalence (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data from studies including more than 100 patients published during the last five years. | ||||||||||
| ClariR, clarithromycin resistant; MetroR, metronidazole resistant; AmoxiR, amoxicillin resistant. | ||||||||||
| DD, disk diffusion method; AD, agar dilution method; ND, not determined; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; C, centre. | ||||||||||
| Austria | 1997–2000 | BiC | Etest | 117 | 20.3 | 13.6–29 | 16 | 10.1–24.2 | 0 | Crone38 |
| Belgium | 1989–2000 | MonoC | DD | 555 | 16 | 13.1–19.4 | 18 | 14.9–21.5 | 0 | Bontems39 |
| Bulgaria | 2000–2001 | MonoC | AD | 115 | 12.4 | 6.8–19.6 | 15.8 | 9.5–23.6 | 0 | Boyanova40 |
| France | 1994–1999 | MonoC | Etest | 150 | 21 | 15.1–28.8 | 43 | 35.3–51.7 | 0 | Kalach41 |
| Poland | 1998–2000 | MonoC | AD | 98 | 23.5 | 15.5–33.1 | ND | ND | Dzierzanowska-Fangrat42 | |
| Spain | 1991–1999 | MonoC | AD | 246 | 21.1 | 16.2–26.8 | 23 | 18.0–29.0 | 0 | Lopez Brea43 |