Stress | No of subjects | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
TSST, Trier social stress test; MAT, mental arithmetic test; Stroop, word-colour interference test; HV, healthy volunteers; NK, natural killer; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α; IFN-γ, interferon γ; PLA, platelet-leucocyte aggregate; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell. | |||
Stressful life events | |||
Bereavement | 20 000 widows and widowers | Increased mortality | Lusyne58 |
Bereavement | 37 widows | Decreased NK and cytotoxic T cell activity | Irwin24 |
Major depression | 36 HV | Reduced NK cell number | Frank25 |
Major depression | 46 depressed patients and 46 HV | Reduced NK cell activity | Chu26 |
Geriatric depression | 166 depressed patients | Reduced CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes | Fortes27 |
Adolescent depression | 36 depressed and 36 HV | Reduced NK cell number | Schleifer28 |
Academic examinations | 64 adolescents | Reduced lymphocyte proliferation and neutrophil production of superoxides | Kang59 |
Academic examinations | 38 HV | Increased TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 production by LPS >stimulated whole blood | Maes40 |
Acute experimental stress | |||
TSST | 32 HV | Increased IL-6 production by LPS stimulated >whole blood | Goebel41 |
TSST | 25 HV | Increased IL-1β and TNF-α production by LPS >stimulated whole blood | Ackerman42 |
TSST | 15 HV | Increased IFN-γ and IL-10 production by PBMC | Jacobs43 |
Stroop | 13 HV | Increased serum IL-6 levels | Steptoe44 |
TSST | 30 HV | Increased CD8 lymphocytes and NK cells | Marsland31 |
TSST, MAT | 15 atopic dermatitis, 15 HV | Increased CD8 and NK cells | Schmid-Ott45 |
TSST | 15 HV | Increased NK cells | Pawlak57 |
MAT | 23 HV | Increased NK cell number and lytic activity | Pike34 |
Dichotomous listening test | 20 quiescent UC | Increased leucocyte count and NK cell number | Mawdsley47 |
Stroop | 11 HV under 35 | Increased thrombin induced platelet fibrinognen binding | Wallen49 |
MAT | 12 HV | Increased platelet dependent thrombin generation | Kawano54 |
Stroop | 40 HV | Increased platelet dependent ATP secretion | Malkoff50 |
Stroop | 8 HV | Increased platelet dependent beta-thromboglobulin and serotonin secretion | Naesh48 |
Stroop | 37 HV | Increased PLA formation | Steptoe55 |
Dichotomous listening test | 20 quiescent UC | Increased platelet activation and PLA formation | Mawdsley 51 |