Table 3

Risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms with selected dietary items (measured by Block food frequency questionnaire 98)

Daily intake	OR	95% CI	p Value
Results of logistic regression analyses for the outcome of having at least weekly heartburn or regurgitation among all participants (n = 371).
Adjusted odds ratios were derived from logistic regression models. Odds ratios were scaled based on the interquartile range for each nutrient and thus show risk comparing the 75th centile of intake for each nutrient with the 25th centile.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index.
Macronutrients
Total carbohydrates (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.24	0.94–1.64	0.12
Adjusted
BMI	1.14	0.86–1.52	0.37
BMI, energy, demographics	0.76	0.34–1.69	0.50
Total protein (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.19	0.91–1.57	0.20
Adjusted
BMI	1.12	0.85–1.48	0.43
BMI, energy, demographics	0.87	0.48–1.57	0.65
Alcohol (% of calories)
Unadjusted	0.95	0.86–1.06	0.37
Adjusted
BMI	0.98	0.89–1.09	0.73
BMI, energy, demographics	0.99	0.88–1.10	0.82
Total fat (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.33	1.01–1.74	0.04
Adjusted
BMI	1.20	0.91–1.58	0.20
BMI, energy, demographics	1.09	0.89–1.37	0.41
Saturated fat (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.37	1.07–1.75	0.01
Adjusted
BMI	1.97	0.23–6.19	0.21
BMI, energy, demographics	1.71	0.92–3.17	0.09
Cholesterol (mg/day)
Unadjusted	1.34	1.02–1.76	0.03
Adjusted
BMI	1.22	0.92–1.61	0.18
BMI, energy, demographics	1.34	1.02–1.76	0.28
Total fibre (g/day)
Unadjusted	0.80	0.61–1.03	0.09
Adjusted
BMI	0.81	0.62–1.07	0.13
BMI, energy, demographics	0.72	0.53–0.99	0.04
Micronutrients
Beta-carotene (mcg/day)
Unadjusted	1.01	0.84–1.22	0.90
Adjusted
BMI	0.97	0.80–1.19	0.75
BMI, energy, demographics	0.86	0.67–1.11	0.26
Vitamin C (mg/day)
Unadjusted	1.04	0.82–1.32	0.72
Adjusted
BMI	1.00	0.79–1.27	0.99
BMI, energy, demographics	0.87	0.65–1.16	0.33
Vitamin E (IU)
Unadjusted	1.13	0.86–1.49	0.37
Adjusted
BMI	1.05	0.79–1.40	0.72
BMI, energy, demographics	0.77	0.47–1.26	0.30
Folate (μg/day)
Unadjusted	1.12	0.87–1.45	0.39
Adjusted
BMI	1.07	0.82–1.40	0.60
BMI, energy, demographics	0.84	0.54–1.30	0.44
Sodium (mg/day)
Unadjusted	1.20	0.92–1. 57	0.19
Adjusted
BMI	1.10	0.84–1.46	0.48
BMI, energy, demographics	0.76	0.38–1.52	0.44
Calcium (mg/day)
Unadjusted	1.18	0.90–1. 54	0.23
Adjusted
BMI	1.19	0.91–1.57	0.20
BMI, energy, demographics	0.96	0.65–1.42	0.85
Food groups
Servings of fruit (No/day)
Unadjusted	0.85	0.62–1.18	0.34
Adjusted
BMI	0.90	0.64–1.24	0.51
BMI, energy, demographics	0.77	0.54–1.10	0.14
Servings of vegetables (No/day)
Unadjusted	1.07	0.84–1.35	0.60
Adjusted
BMI	1.01	0.79–1.30	0.91
BMI, energy, demographics	0.90	0.67–1.20	0.47
Servings of meat (No/day)
Unadjusted	1.08	0.82–1.42	0.58
Adjusted
BMI	0.98	0.74–1.31	0.92
BMI, energy, demographics	0.80	0.51–1.25	0.33
Servings of dairy (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.19	0.92–1.55	0.19
Adjusted
BMI	1.26	0.96–1.65	0.10
BMI, energy, demographics	1.09	0.79–1.51	0.58
Servings of grain (g/day)
Unadjusted	1.17	0.90–1.52	0.24
Adjusted
BMI	1.14	0.88–1.48	0.35
BMI, energy, demographics	1.05	0.70–1.57	0.82
Fat servings (No/day)
Unadjusted	1.46	1.09–1.97	0.01
Adjusted
BMI	1.41	1.04–1.91	0.03
BMI, energy, demographics	1.18	0.98–1.42	0.08