Table 3

Expression of angiogenic factors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: association with clinical features

Factor	No of patients	Association	Reference
VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PD-ECGF, platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor; HIF, hypoxia inducible factor; MVD, microvascular density.
NS, no significant correlation; +, positively correlated; −, inversely correlated.
VEGF
	22	NS MVD, NS mean survival, NS recurrence	Ellis²¹⁹
	40	+MVD, −mean survival, +MVD	Ikeda⁷⁰
	70	+MVD, +recurrence, −mean survival	Niedergethmann²²⁰
	55	+MVD, −mean survival	Kuwahara⁷⁹
	124	+MVD	Khorana²²¹
	50	+MVD, −mean survival	Couvelard¹⁰⁵
FGF
	55	NS MVD, −mean survival	Kuwahara⁷⁹
	104	+MVD, +hepatic metastasis, +recurrence	Fujioka²²²
	20	+Proliferation index	Yamazaki²²³
PD-ECGF
(thymidine phosphorylase)	104	+MVD, −mean survival, +recurrence, +hepatic metastasis	Fujioka²²²
	50	+MVD, −mean survival	Fujimoto⁶⁹
	40	−Mean survival	Ikeda⁷⁰
	55	NS MVD, NS mean survival	Kuwahara⁷⁹
	124	NS MVD	Khorana²²¹
HIF
	49	+MVD, +tumour size, +advanced stage, +proliferation index	Kitada²²⁴
	55	+MVD, +metastasis, +VEGF expression,
		−prognosis	Shibaji¹⁰⁴
	50	+MVD	Couvelard¹⁰⁵