Median concentrations (range; ×103 cfu/ml) of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria detected after lysis of biopsy specimens
| Controls, n = 7 | CD, n = 12 | UC, n = 7 | IC, n = 6 | LNH, n = 10 | K–W* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ileum | ||||||
| Total aerobes and facultative anaerobes | 0 (0–2.4) | 147 (3.31–1100) | 150 (11.6–400) | 201 (40.6–780) | 7.9 (0.007–480) | p = 0.001 |
| p = 0.005 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.01 | |||
| Total Gram-negative bacteria† | 0 (0–0.26) | 147 (0.8–830) | 150 (10.6–350) | 120 (0–400) | 9.8 (0–480) | p = 0.046 |
| p = 0.005 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.01 | p = 0.01 | |||
| Total Gram-positive bacteria‡ | 0 (0–2.35) | 0.77 (0–55) | 7.2 (0–150) | 50.9 (0.4–580) | 0.35 (0–20) | p = 0.039 |
| p = 0.18 | p = 0.05 | p = 0.01 | p = 0.49 |
| Controls, n = 4 | CD, n = 11 | UC, n = 6 | IC, n = 4 | LNH, n = 5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caecum | ||||||
| Total aerobes and facultative anaerobes | 0.88 (0–50) | 54 (2.09–660.49) | 64 (10.59–360.36) | 350 (10.15–518) | 16 (0.16–100) | p = 0.056 |
| p = 0.02 | p = 0.07 | p = 0.06 | p = 0.29 | |||
| Total Gram-negative bacteria† | 0.08 (0–50) | 53 (0.26–660) | 57 (1–360) | 64 (10–300) | 0.16 (0–100) | p = 0.074 |
| p = 0.02 | p = 0.07 | p = 0.11 | p = 0.73 | |||
| Total Gram-positive bacteria‡ | 0 (0–1.6) | 0.5 (0–83) | 2.33 (0.16–80.6) | 150 (0.15–490) | 0.3 (0–100) | p = 0.347 |
| p = 0.17 | p = 0.07 | p = 0.06 | p = 0.4 |
| Controls, n = 4 | CD, n = 8 | UC, n = 6 | IC, n = 4 | LNH, n = 5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD, Crohn’s disease; cfu, colony forming units; IC, indeterminate colitis; K–W, Kruskal–Wallis; LNH, lymphonodular hyperplasia, UC, ulcerative colitis. | ||||||
| *p Values obtained from the Kruskal–Wallis test for the five groups. | ||||||
| †Data refer to Enterobacteriaceae, which were the predominant bacteria found. | ||||||
| ‡Data refer to Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp, which were the predominant bacteria found. | ||||||
| Bold values as compared with controls using the Mann–Whitney U test. | ||||||
| Owing to the multiple comparisons, only p⩽0.01 should be interpreted as strong evidence of a difference. | ||||||
| Rectum | ||||||
| Total aerobes and facultative anaerobes | 4.21 (0.97–50) | 186.05 (100–739) | 28.3 (10.76–138.7) | 460 (268.6–1200) | 60 (0.92–510) | p = 0.006 |
| p<0.005 | p = 0.11 | p = 0.03 | p = 0.29 | |||
| Total Gram-negative bacteria† | 1.4 (0–30) | 164.5 (60–650) | 28 (10.6–109) | 115.5 (20–400) | 2.4 (0–500) | p = 0.20 |
| p = 0.00 | p = 0.07 | p = 0.11 | p = 0.90 | |||
| Total Gram-positive bacteria‡ | 2.81 (0.97–20) | 44.55 (0–90) | 0.3 (0–473) | 312.8 (120–1000) | 2.32 (0–100) | p = 0.001 |
| p = 0.21 | p = 0.48 | p = 0.03 | p = 0.90 | |||