Categories associated with specific pancreatic cancer risk factors
| PC, pancreatic cancer. |
| Low (<5-fold) |
| Male |
| Black |
| Ashkenazi Jewish descent |
| Obesity |
| Smoking |
| Diabetes mellitus |
| Helicobacter pylori infection |
| History of any cancer in a first-degree relative |
| Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer |
| Familial adenomatous polyposis |
| History of PC in one first-degree relative |
| BRCA1 mutation carrier |
| Moderate (5–10-fold) |
| History of PC in two first-degree relatives |
| Cystic fibrosis |
| Chronic pancreatitis |
| BRCA2 mutation carrier |
| High (>10-fold) |
| FAMMM kindreds with p16 germline mutation and at least one case of PC in first-degree or second-degree relative |
| Peutz–Jeghers syndrome |
| Hereditary pancreatitis |
| ⩾3 first-degree, second-degree or third-degree relatives with PC |
| Possibly: BRCA2 or BRCA1 mutation carrier with at least one case of PC in first-degree or second-degree relative |