Relationship between menopausal status and liver-related characteristics
| Hypoechogenic liver pattern | Raised serum GOT | Raised serum GPT | Raised serum GGT | Hepatic steatosis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GGT, γ glutamyltransferase; GOT, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT, glutamic-pyruvic transferase. | |||||
| Logistic regression analysis. Data are OR (95% CI). | |||||
| Model 1 included age and smoking status (three categories) as sufficient set of confounders as defined from the causal diagram in fig 1. | |||||
| Model 2 included age, smoking status (three categories), nutrition (three categories) and alcohol consumption (three categories) as defined from an alternate causal diagram in fig 2. | |||||
| Model 3 included variables of model 2 and, in addition, body mass index (three categories), diabetes, use of menopausal hormone treatment, increased waist-to-hip ratio as well as increased serum low-density lipid cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen levels. | |||||
| Hepatic steatosis was defined as the presence of a hypoechogenic liver pattern in ultrasound and at least two among three characteristic raised serum GOT, GPT or GGT levels. | |||||
| *p<0.05. | |||||
| Menopause, crude | 2.41 (1.71 to 3.38)* | 2.38 (1.68 to 3.36)* | 2.53 (1.80 to 3.57)* | 1.61 (1.16 to 2.24)* | 5.88 (4.34 to 7.95)* |
| Menopause, adjusted for age | 1.70 (1.1 to 2.61)* | 1.75 (1.12 to 2.72)* | 2.13 (1.37 to 3.31)* | 1.62 (1.06 to 2.48)* | 2.51 (1.57 to 4.02)* |
| Menopause, adjusted for model 1 | 1.71 (1.11 to 2.63)* | 1.79 (1.14 to 2.79)* | 2.15 (1.38 to 3.36)* | 1.55 (1.01 to 2.38)* | 2.51 (1.56 to 4.02)* |
| Menopause, adjusted for model 2 | 1.71 (1.11 to 2.64)* | 1.78 (1.14 to 2.78)* | 2.14 (1.37 to 3.33)* | 1.56 (1.01 to 2.41)* | 2.47 (1.54 to 4)* |
| Menopause, adjusted for model 3 | 1.45 (0.87 to 2.39) | 1.67 (1.04 to 2.68)* | 2.01 (1.23 to 3.26)* | 1.43 (0.90 to 2.28) | 1.93 (1.13 to 3.31)* |