Table 2 Potential vasodilating and vasoconstricting forces involved in disturbed haemodynamics in cirrhosis (alphabetic order). Substances mentioned in the text are written in italics
Vasodilator systems
    Adenosine
    Adrenomedullin
    Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
    Bradykinin
    Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
    Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
    Carbon monoxide (CO)
    Endocannabinoids
    Endothelin-3 (ET-3)
    Endotoxin
    Enkephalins
    Glucagon
    Histamine
    Hydrogen sulphide
    Interleukins
    Natriuretic peptide of type C (CNP)
    Nitric oxide (NO)
    Prostacyclin (PGI2)
    Substance P
    Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)
Vasoconstrictor systems
    Angiotensin II
    Adrenaline and noradrenaline
    Sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
    Endothelin-1 (ET-1)
    Neuropeptide Y
    Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)/
    Vasopressin (ADH)