Examples of test characteristics of multiple single-step algorithms to ascertain children with IBD using physician claims and hospitalisation data
| Algorithm | Duration (years) | <12 years old (n = 147 with IBD, n = 771 534 controls) | <15 years old (n = 183 with IBD, n = 936 514 controls) | <18 years old (validation) (n = 593 with IBD, n = 1241 controls) | |||||||||
| Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | LR+ | LR− | ||
| Any contact or hospitalisation for IBD | 99.3 | 99.8 | 7.7 | >99.9 | 99.5 | 99.8 | 7.9 | >99.9 | 98.5 | 89.2 | 9.1 | 0.017 | |
| 3 contacts | 2 | 91.8 | >99.9 | 51.1 | >99.9 | 92.4 | >99.9 | 42.9 | >99.9 | 95.6 | 99.0 | 98.9 | 0.044 |
| 3 | 93.2 | >99.9 | 48.9 | >99.9 | 94.0 | >99.9 | 41.5 | >99.9 | 96.1 | 99.0 | 91.8 | 0.039 | |
| 4 | 93.9 | >99.9 | 47.8 | >99.9 | 94.5 | >99.9 | 40.8 | >99.9 | 96.5 | 99.0 | 92.1 | 0.036 | |
| 5 | 93.9 | >99.9 | 46.8 | >99.9 | 94.5 | >99.9 | 40.2 | >99.9 | 96.5 | 99.0 | 92.1 | 0.036 | |
| 3 contacts or 1 hospitalisation | 2 | 94.6 | >99.9 | 48.6 | >99.9 | 95.6 | >99.9 | 40.5 | >99.9 | 96.5 | 94.5 | 17.6 | 0.038 |
| 3 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 46.5 | >99.9 | 96.2 | >99.9 | 39.0 | >99.9 | 96.8 | 94.5 | 17.7 | 0.034 | |
| 4 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 45.3 | >99.9 | 96.2 | >99.9 | 38.3 | >99.9 | 97.0 | 94.5 | 17.7 | 0.032 | |
| 5 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 44.6 | >99.9 | 96.2 | >99.9 | 37.9 | >99.9 | 97.0 | 94.5 | 17.7 | 0.032 | |
| 3 contacts or 2 hospitalisations | 2 | 92.5 | >99.9 | 50.8 | >99.9 | 92.9 | >99.9 | 42.7 | >99.9 | 95.8 | 98.3 | 56.6 | 0.043 |
| 3 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 49.3 | >99.9 | 95.6 | >99.9 | 41.8 | >99.9 | 96.3 | 98.2 | 54.3 | 0.038 | |
| 4 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 48.0 | >99.9 | 95.6 | >99.9 | 41.1 | >99.9 | 96.6 | 98.2 | 54.5 | 0.034 | |
| 5 | 95.2 | >99.9 | 47.0 | >99.9 | 95.6 | >99.9 | 40.7 | >99.9 | 96.6 | 98.2 | 54.5 | 0.034 | |
| 5 contacts | 2 | 82.3 | >99.9 | 71.2 | >99.9 | 80.3 | >99.9 | 55.1 | >99.9 | 90.9 | 99.7 | 282.0 | 0.091 |
| 3 | 84.4 | >99.9 | 70.9 | >99.9 | 83.1 | >99.9 | 55.3 | >99.9 | 92.1 | 99.6 | 228.5 | 0.080 | |
| 4 | 86.4 | >99.9 | 71.4 | >99.9 | 87.4 | >99.9 | 56.1 | >99.9 | 92.4 | 99.6 | 229.4 | 0.076 | |
| 5 | 88.4 | >99.9 | 70.3 | >99.9 | 89.1 | >99.9 | 55.8 | >99.9 | 92.9 | 99.6 | 230.6 | 0.071 | |
| 5 contacts or 1 hospitalisation | 2 | 89.1 | >99.9 | 64.8 | >99.9 | 89.6 | >99.9 | 50.0 | >99.9 | 93.4 | 94.9 | 18.4 | 0.069 |
| 3 | 90.5 | >99.9 | 64.6 | >99.9 | 90.8 | >99.9 | 50.0 | >99.9 | 93.8 | 94.9 | 18.5 | 0.066 | |
| 4 | 91.2 | >99.9 | 64.7 | >99.9 | 92.4 | >99.9 | 50.2 | >99.9 | 93.9 | 94.9 | 18.5 | 0.064 | |
| 5 | 91.8 | >99.9 | 63.7 | >99.9 | 92.9 | >99.9 | 49.7 | >99.9 | 94.3 | 94.9 | 18.6 | 0.060 | |
| 5 contacts or 2 hospitalisations | 2 | 84.4 | >99.9 | 69.7 | >99.9 | 83.1 | >99.9 | 54.7 | >99.9 | 91.6 | 98.9 | 81.2 | 0.086 |
| 3 | 87.8 | >99.9 | 70.1 | >99.9 | 86.9 | >99.9 | 55.6 | >99.9 | 92.6 | 98.7 | 71.8 | 0.075 | |
| 4 | 89.8 | >99.9 | 70.6 | >99.9 | 90.2 | >99.9 | 56.3 | >99.9 | 92.8 | 98.7 | 71.9 | 0.074 | |
| 5 | 90.5 | >99.9 | 69.3 | >99.9 | 90.7 | >99.9 | 55.9 | >99.9 | 93.2 | 98.7 | 72.3 | 0.068 | |
The selected single-step algorithm is highlighted in bold.
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LR, likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.