Table 2

Intrahepatic lipid concentration, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, body composition, glucose control, insulin sensitivity, NEFA suppression index and substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise

	Control			Exercise			Time × treatment interaction (p value)
	Baseline	Post-treatment	p Value	Baseline	Post-treatment	p Value	Time × treatment interaction (p value)
Intrahepatic lipid (%)	11.2 (8.4)	11.5 (7.4)	0.80	14.0 (9.1)	12.2 (9.0)	0.01^*	0.05^†
Visceral adipose tissue (cm²)	2558 (715)	2445 (644)	0.31	2098 (809)	2165 (816)	0.26	0.15
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (cm²)	3512 (970)	3574 (936)	0.30	3275 (1165)	3221 (1180)	0.46	0.21
Fat mass (% body mass)	41 (6)	41 (7)	0.88	37 (8)	36 (8)	0.12	0.38
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	5.9 (2.3)	6.4 (3.3)	0.33	6.0 (2.1)	5.2 (0.9)	0.08	0.06
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	18.14 (4.52)	18.97 (9.82)	0.18	20.55 (13.68)	18.64 (13.25)	0.18	0.33
Fasting NEFA (μmol/l)	0.48 (0.13)	0.50 (0.17)	0.62	0.44 (0.19)	0.43 (0.13)	0.77	0.56
HOMA–IR	4.7 (2.1)	5.1 (2.5)	0.57	5.9 (5.9)	4.6 (4.6)	0.05^‡	0.06
fsOGTT, AUC	839 (299)	940 (421)	0.15	885 (269)	777 (184)	0.01^*	0.01^§
NEFA-S (0–30 min of fsOGTT)	0.07 (0.10)	−0.02 (0.10)	0.15	0.00 (0.10)	0.00 (0.14)	0.99	0.25
Resting RQ	0.86 (0.09)	0.86 (0.06)	0.76	0.86 (0.05)	0.86 (0.06)	0.92	0.76
Submaximal exercise RQ	0.90 (0.02)	0.89 (0.02)	0.08	0.93 (0.02)	0.91 (0.01)	0.02^‡	0.05

Values are means (SD); n=19.
↵* Significant difference baseline versus post-treatment (p<0.01).
↵† Significant difference treatment × time interaction (p<0.05).
↵‡ Significant difference baseline versus post-treatment (p<0.05).
↵§ Significant difference treatment × time interaction (p<0.01).
AUC, area under the curve; fsOGTT, frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test; HOMA–IR, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; NEFA-S, non-esterified fatty acid suppression index; RQ, respiratory quotient.