Should be performed only by experienced endoscopists

If tumour is present, endoscopic intervention should only occur after MDT discussion

Dilate to a maximum diameter of 15–20 mm

Dilate for 20–60 s if using a balloon

Dilation >12 mm not required for stent insertion

Do not exceed diameter of the stricture by >7–8 mm per session

Risks are increased after chemotherapy/radiotherapy/if tumour is present

Temporary/permanent stent placement may be required after dilation