HR and 95% CI of oesophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma across mutually adjusted categories of anthropometric measures in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study*
| Characteristic† | HR (95% CI) | ||
| Oesophageal adenocarcinoma | Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma | Gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | Multivariate plus WHR | ||
| <18.5 | ND | 2.68 (0.65 to 11.11) | 1.37 (0.19 to 10.08) |
| 18.5–<25 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| 25–<30 | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.66) | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.58) | 1.28 (0.83 to 1.96) |
| 30–<35 | 1.99 (1.35 to 2.92) | 1.97 (1.27 to 3.06) | 1.38 (0.79 to 2.43) |
| ≥35 | 1.77 (0.90 to 3.49) | 3.28 (1.76 to 6.11) | 0.93 (0.32 to 2.72) |
| p Value for trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.54 |
| WHR | Multivariate plus BMI | ||
| Quartile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Quartile 2 | 1.01 (0.66 to 1.54) | 0.81 (0.52 to 1.26) | 0.93 (0.53 to 1.64) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.48 (1.00 to 2.18) | 0.88 (0.57 to 1.35) | 1.14 (0.67 to 1.96) |
| Quartile 4 | 1.47 (0.99 to 2.18) | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.63) | 1.46 (0.86 to 2.48) |
| p Value for trend | 0.02 | 0.61 | 0.11 |
| Waist circumference (in) | Multivariate plus hip circumference | ||
| Quartile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Quartile 2 | 1.36 (0.88 to 2.11) | 1.28 (0.78 to 2.09) | 1.27 (0.70 to 2.29) |
| Quartile 3 | 1.52 (0.98 to 2.34) | 1.21 (0.74 to 1.99) | 1.41 (0.78 to 2.55) |
| Quartile 4 | 2.03 (1.21 to 3.39) | 1.98 (1.11 to 3.53) | 1.46 (0.71 to 3.03) |
| p Value for trend | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
| Hip circumference (in) | Multivariate plus waist circumference | ||
| Quartile 1 | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) | 1.00 (Ref) |
| Quartile 2 | 1.07 (0.73 to 1.57) | 1.04 (0.67 to 1.61) | 1.56 (0.90 to 2.69) |
| Quartile 3 | 0.80 (0.52 to 1.23) | 0.75 (0.46 to 1.23) | 1.16 (0.63 to 2.16) |
| Quartile 4 | 0.90 (0.56 to 1.46) | 0.89 (0.52 to 1.55) | 1.20 (0.59 to 2.44) |
| p Value for trend | 0.48 | 0.54 | 1.00 |
Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HR and 95% CI.
p Value for trend across categories is based on the median category values being assigned to each subject within categories and modelled as a continuous variable.
↵* Risk estimates adjusted for age, sex, total energy, antacid use, aspirin use, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, marital status, diabetes, cigarette smoking, education, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, physical activity, red and white meat intake and fruit and vegetable intake.
↵† WHR, waist circumference and hip circumference characteristic categories represent sex-specific quartiles for men and women combined, and BMI uses predefined categories according to the WHO standard definitions: underweight, <18.5 kg/m2; normal, 18.5–<25; overweight, 25–<30; obese, 30–<35; morbidly obese, ≥35.
BMI, body mass index; ND, no cases in this stratum; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio.