Table 1

Proposed diagnostic criteria of kidney dysfunction in cirrhosis

Diagnosis	Definition
AKI	A rise in serum creatinine of ≥50% from baseline, or a rise of serum creatinine by ≥26.4 μmol/l (≥0.3 mg/dl) in <48 h HRS type I is a specific form of AKI
Acute on chronic kidney disease	Rise in serum creatinine of ≥50% from baseline or a rise of serum creatinine by ≥26.4 μmol/l (≥0.3 mg/dl) in <48 h in a patient with cirrhosis whose GFR is <60 ml/min for >3 months calculated using the MDRD6 formula

Both the acute deterioration in renal function and the background chronic renal dysfunction can be functional or structural in nature.
AKI, acute kidney injury; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; MDRD6, modification of diet in renal disease formula calculated using six variables of serum creatinine, age, gender, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and whether the patient is African-American or not (modified from Wong et al).11