Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants
| Characteristic | Controls | Patients with FD | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, F:M | 10:5 | 10:5 | – |
| Age, years (range) | 28.4±2.3 (19–48) | 28.9±2.6 (17–52) | – |
| Dyspeptic symptoms, DSS | 2.0 (0.0–3.0) | 19.0 (11.5–21.8) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m² | 22.9±0.7 | 20.5±0.5 | 0.01 |
| Food allergy, number | 1/15 | 3/15 | 0.60 |
| Depression, PHQ-9 | 1.0 (0.0–1.3) | 6.0 (4.0–13.3) | 0.0001 |
| Gastrointestinal-specific anxiety, VSI | 4.0 (2.0–8.0) | 33.0 (17.0–49.3) | 0.0004 |
Data are mean±SEM or median (IQR); n=15 for both groups. p<0.05 is shown in bold.
BMI, body mass index; DSS, dyspepsia symptom score; F, female; FD, functional dyspepsia; M, male; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire 9; VSI, Visceral Sensitivity Index.