Effects of increasing the dietary intake of resistant starch and wheat bran on daily output of faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and phenols
| Faecal index | Low resistant starch/wheat bran | High resistant starch/wheat bran | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | UC | Controls | UC | |
| Short-chain fatty acids (mmol/day) | ||||
| Total SCFA | 13.39 (6.00 to 20.59) | 16.83 (11.92 to 21.73) | 18.96 (11.20 to 26.70) | 17.59 (11.25 to 23.93) |
| Acetate | 8.03 (3.14 to 12.91) | 9.85 (6.88 to 12.82) | 11.69 (6.75 to 26.70) | 9.74 (6.18 to 13.29) |
| Propionate | 2.19 (1.02 to 3.36) | 2.81 (2.14 to 3.49) | 2.86 (1.36 to 4.36) | 3.30 (1.82 to 4.77) |
| Butyrate | 2.07 (1.04 to 3.10) | 3.28 (2.00 to 4.56) | 3.23 (1.85 to 4.62) | 3.51 (2.06 to 4.96) |
| Valerate* | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.71) | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.49) | 0.46 (0.28 to 0.65) | 0.39 (0.20 to 0.58) |
| Caproate* | 0.055 (0.028 to 0.083) | 0.067 (0.004 to 0.169) | 0.15 (0.052 to 0.249) | 0.031 (−0.0004 to 0.062) |
| Iso-butyrate | 0.21 (0.13 to 0.28) | 0.47 (0.19 to 0.75) | 0.24 (0.15 to 0.33) | 0.27 (0.20 to 0.33) |
| Iso-valerate | 0.30 (0.18 to 0.42) | 0.23 (0.16 to 0.30) | 0.32 (0.18 to 0.46) | 0.33 (0.20 to 0.46) |
| Phenols (mg/day) | ||||
| Phenols | 0.12 (0.07 to 0.17) | 0.42 (−0.07 to 0.91) | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.27) | 0.30 (0.11 to 0.50) |
| p-Cresols | 4.02 (1.68 to 6.34) | 3.39 (2.17 to 4.62) | 5.21 (1.89 to 8.53) | 4.55 (2.65 to 6.46) |
Results are shown as mean (95% CIs). Statistical differences between indices in the healthy controls (n=10) and patients with UC (n=19) were observed, but no differences between dietary interventions using a p value ≤0.05. Data was analysed using a Euclidian distance matrix followed by a two-way and pair-wise Permanova analysis.
*Significant difference between subject groups: valerate (p=0.035); caproate (p=0.005).