In vivo models for HBV study
| Chimpanzees | Macaques | Tupaia belangeri | HuHep mice | His-HuHep mice | Ad-HBV or AAV-HBV mice | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBV entry | + | ? | + | + | + | − |
| HBV production | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| cccDNA establishment | + | ? | + | + | + | − |
| Chronic HBV infection | − | ? | + | + | ? | + |
| HCC development | − | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| Adaptive immune responses | + | ? | ? | − | + | + |
| HBV tolerance | − | ? | ? | − | + | + |
| Antiviral drug testing | + | ? | + | + | + | + |
| Therapeutic vaccine development | + | ? | ? | − | + | + |
cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.