Changes in lifestyle factors from baseline (year 2001) until end of follow-up (year 2012) by screening arm in the NORCCAP trial
| Change from 2001 to 2012 (95% CI)* | Difference (95% CI)† | p Value | Adjusted difference (95% CI)‡ | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifestyle variable | ‘Invited-to-screening’ arm (n=3043) | Control arm (n=2819) | ||||
| Proportion of baseline smokers quitting smoking (%) | 48.0 (45.0 to 51.0) | 48.6 (45.3to 52.0) | 0.98 (0.81 to 1.17) | 0.79 | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.20) | 0.91 |
| Weight (kg) | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2to 1.7) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) | 0.56 | 0.07 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.67 |
| Physical exercise of at least 20 min (times/day) | 0.06 (0.04 to 0.07) | 0.12 (0.10 to 0.13) | −0.06 (−0.08 to −0.03) | <0.001 | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01) | 0.008 |
| Consumption of fruit, berries and vegetables (servings/day) | 0.23 (0.17 to 0.28) | 0.32 (0.27 to 0.38) | −0.10 (−0.18 to −0.01) | 0.02 | −0.06 (−0.13 to 0.02) | 0.14 |
| Consumption of fatty fish (servings/day) | 0.10 (0.09, 0.11) | 0.11 (0.10 to 0.13) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01) | 0.29 | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.02) | 0.97 |
| Consumption of meat other than poultry for dinner (servings/day) | −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01) | −0.02 (−0.03 to −0.01) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.54 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.32 |
| Total lifestyle score§ | 0.16 (0.13 to 0.19) | 0.18 (0.15 to 0.21) | −0.02 (−0.07 to 0.02) | 0.34 | −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.01)¶ | 0.03 |
*Mean change for all variables except smoking, for which the change is the proportion of individuals reporting smoke cessation among baseline daily and occasional smokers (%).
†Difference of means for all variables except smoking. For smoking, OR of reporting non-smoking in 2012 for ‘invited-to-screening’ compared with control arm.
‡For smoking, OR of reporting non-smoking in 2012 for ‘invited-to-screening’ compared with control arm, for other variables; ANCOVA, both adjusted for sex, area of residency, recent change in chronic disease status reported in 2012, baseline value of the dependent variable and baseline values of other single lifestyle variables (daily smoking (yes/no), body weight, total physical exercise and consumption of fruit, berries, and vegetables, fatty fish and meat other than poultry for dinner) unless stated otherwise.
§Score value of 0–4 points. One point attained for adherence to each lifestyle recommendation: normal body weight (body mass index<25.0 kg/m2), non-smoker, 20 min or more of physical exercise with a frequency of ≥1/day and a healthy diet (adherence to the three recommendations; fruit, berries and vegetables consumption ≥5 servings/day, fatty fish consumption ≥1 serving/week and meat other than poultry for dinner consumption <4 times/week).
¶ANCOVA adjusted for the baseline lifestyle score, sex, area of residency and recent change in chronic disease status reported in 2012.
ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; NORCCAP, The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Screening Prevention trial.