Comparison between clinical variables categorised into Akkermansia muciniphila abundance groups
| Akk LO (N=24) | Akk HI (N=25) | p Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, N (%) | F | 19 (79.2) | 22 (88.0) | 0.4 |
| M | 5 (20.8) | 3 (12.0) | ||
| Age (years) | 45 (12) | 39 (12) | 0.18 | |
| Age categorisation around the median, N (%) | Age LO (≤49 years) | 8 (32.0) | 17 (68.0) | 0.02 |
| Age HI (>49 years) | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | ||
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.0 (0.9) | 32.5 (1.0) | 0.63 | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108.8 (2.2) | 105.7 (2.3) | 0.27 | |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 113.4 (2.0) | 115.0 (2.1) | 0.51 | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.96 (0.01) | 0.92 (0.02) | 0.04 | |
| Fat mass (%) | 35.6 (1.0) | 34.2 (1.1) | 0.30 | |
| Lean mass (%) | 61.5 (1.0) | 62.7 (1.1) | 0.33 | |
| % of android fat (DXA) | 61.1 (1.3) | 59.5 (1.4) | 0.33 | |
| % of gynoid fat (DXA) | 36.3 (1.3) | 37.6 (1.4) | 0.42 | |
| Adipocyte diameter (µm) | 111.5 (1.6) | 104.8 (1.8) | 0.002 | |
| Glucose homoeostasis | ||||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.4 (0.1) | 5.2 (0.1) | 0.02 | |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 11.3 (0.9) | 8.9 (0.9) | 0.03 | |
| HOMA-IR | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.1) | 0.03 | |
| Disse index | −9.2 (1.0) | −6.0 (1.1) | 0.02 | |
| Alanine transaminase (ALT) (IU/L) | 38.2 (3.3) | 31.5 (3.5) | 0.11 | |
| Liver enzymes | ||||
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) (IU/L) | 39.5 (3.7) | 29.0 (3.9) | 0.03 | |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (IU/L) | 57.0 (5.6) | 35.3 (6.0) | 0.004 | |
| Blood lipids | ||||
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.4 (0.2) | 3.3 (0.2) | 0.66 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.08 | |
| Non-esterified fatty acids (mmol/L) | 0.42 (0.04) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.76 | |
| Systemic inflammation | ||||
| hs CRP (mg/L) | 4.6 (1.7–7.2) | 2.4 (0.9–6.9) | 0.11 | |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.3 (0.7–2.9) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 0.93 | |
| LPS (pg/mL) | 1.7 (1.2–2.7) | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) | 0.80 | |
| scWAT macrophage markers | ||||
| HAM56 (%) | 13.6 (8.2–22.9) | 10.0 (6.5–17.5) | 0.18 | |
| %HAM56/adipocyte diameter | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.23 | |
| Adipokines | ||||
| Leptin (ng/mL) | 44.1 (3.6) | 30.9 (3.9) | 0.005 | |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 15.1 (5.9–20.0) | 14.7 (11.5–17.4) | 0.77 | |
For variables with a skewed distribution (triglycerides, CRP, IL-6, LPS, %HAM56 and adiponectin): Wilcoxon rank sum test, median (Q1–Q3) shown. For other variables: ANCOVA adjusting for age and sex, adjusted mean (SE) shown.
Numbers in bold indicate significance at the 0.05 level.
Age LO, age below population median; Age HI, age at or above the population median; Akk LO, A. muciniphila below the median; Akk HI, A. muciniphila at or above the median; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance Index; hs CRP, high sensitivity C reactive protein; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; scWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue.